Diseases

Cucumber mosaic virus - Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV).

Systematic position.

Group Cucumovirus, family Bromoviridae. ICTV decimal code 10.0.4.0.001.

Synonyms.

Cucumber mosaic Jonson, Cucumis virus 1 Smith, Murialba cucumeris Vallea, Marmor cucumeris Holmes, Aphidophilus cucumeris Ryzkov.

Biological group.

Obligate parasite.

Morphology and biology.

The Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) has spherical particles of 28-30 nm in diameter. Temperature for the virus inactivation is 60-76°C, limiting dilution is 1: 10 000, loss of infectivity in sap is 6-8 days. CMV belongs to group of pathogens forming natural foci, being one of the most widespread and harmful phytoviruses. According to recent data, the list of host plants includes 775 species belonging to 365 genera and 85 families. CMV spread in nature is realized by means of aphid vectors of the virus. More than 20 species of aphids are known, being able to transfer the virus from wild-growing plants to cultural ones. In most cases, epiphytoties are provoked by such aphid species as Aphis gossipii, A. nasturtii and Myzus persicae. The last species is most frequently registered as the main vector of development of CMV epiphytoties.

Distribution.

Probably distributed worldwide. In the former USSR the CMV is distributed everywhere. The disease severity is registered in Baltic States, in the Northern Caucasus, in republics of Central Asia, in Byelorussia, Moldova, Ukraine, Krasnodar Territory, in Khabarovsk and other territories of the Far East.

Ecology.

Worldwide distribution of CMV emphasizes independence of the virus on ecological factors, though presence of the virus natural foci considerably influences frequency of epiphytoties.

Economic significance.

Broad specialization of CMV allows infection of many cultural plants and yield losses of gourd, solanaceous, and leguminous cultures can reach 30-50%. CMV is especially harmful in republics of Central Asia and in the Northern Caucasus.

Related references:

Vlasov Yu.I., Larina E.I., Teploukhova T.N. 1972. Virus diseases of tomatoes in Central Asia and measures of their control. Bulletin VIZR (Leningrad) 24: 58-62 (in Russian).
Ges. D.K. 1968. Virus diseases of tomatoes and cucumbers in Byelorussia. PhD Thesis. Minsk: AN BSSR, 22 p. (in Russian).
Glushak L.E. 1969. Virus diseases of cucumbers in Ukraine. PhD Thesis. Kiev: UkrNII Microbiology, 23 p. (in Russian).
Dashkeeva K.N.,Vargina T., Vetrova F. 1968. Cucumber Mosaic Virus . agent of diseases of vegetable cultures. Sel.skoe khozyaistvo Moldavii 6: 51-52 (in Russian).
Ignash Ya.R. 1977. Comparative characteristic of some representatives of Cucumber Mosaic Virus group 1, isolated in Latvian SSR. In: Reifman V.G., ed. Strains of plant viruses. Proc. Biol.-soil Inst, v.48(149), p.193-197 (in Russian).
Parshin V.G. 1974. Natural foci of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and their significance in development of virus epiphytoties. PhD Thesis. Leningrad: VIZR, 23p. (in Russian).
Samsonova L.N., Tsyplenkov A.E., Yakutkina T.A. 2001. Diagnostics of virus and phytoplasma diseases of vegetable cultures and potato. Saint-Petersburg: VIZR, 50 p. (in Russian).
Stanyulis Yu.P., Makunaite M.K., Zitikaite I.S. 1977. Some properties of virus isolates of the cucumber mosaic (CMV), allocated from leguminous and ornamental plants in Lithuania. In: Reifman V.G., ed. Strains of plant viruses. Proc. Biol.-soil Inst, v.48(149), p.198-203 (in Russian).
Tsyplenkov A.E. 1986. Study of pathogenicity virus isolates of cucumber mosaic. In: Biological methods of plant protection against virus and bacterial diseases. Leningrad: VIZR, p.49 (in Russian).
Tsyplenkov A.E., Odinets A.G., Kirillov A.V. 1992. Identification of Cucumber Mosaic Virus strains from various agricultural crops. Sel.skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya 5: 115-121 (in Russian).

© Tsyplenkov A.E.

Picture is taken from Samsonova L.N., Tsyplenkov A.E. & Yakutkina T.A. (2001).
 

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