Pests

Area of distribution and damage of Polymerus cognatus Fieb.

Object description Download GIS-layers

Authors:

Object specialists I.Ya. Grichanov & E.I. Ovsyannikova,
GIS-specialist M.I. Saulich.

Date of creation:

15.09.2005

Scale:

1:20 000 000

Accuracy of map:

Map was created based on information taken from open-published literature and maps of scale 1: 17 000 000 and 1: 36 000 000.

Projection:

"Alber's Equal Area Conic for the USSR", 9, 1001, 7, 100, 0, 44, 68, 0, 0.

Basic contents:

Vector map. Area of species distribution is shown by polygons. Zones of recorded mass outbreak are shown by polygons.

Accuracy of classifier:

The Beet Caspid Bug area covers all the main regions of industrial cultivation of beet and perennial legume crops in the former USSR. Within the limits of the general area two zones were allocated, i.e., zones of moderate and low damage. The zone of moderate damage includes the area of industrial cultivation of sugar beet (Polyakov et al., 1981). The zone of low damage covers the territory of industrial cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses (Polyakov et al., 1983) outside of the zone of moderate damage. In the zone of moderate damage the pest population density can reach the economic threshold every year, i.e., 10-15 bugs per plant after closing ground by sugar beet leaves in rows, and 5-10 bugs per plant on sugar beet seedlings (Dolzhenko, 2004).

Method of map production:

The Beet Caspid Bug area was outlined according to the following reference data on the species distribution: Shmeleva (1940), Kirichenko (1949), Yakhontov (1953), Blyumer (1988), Puchkov (1959, 1966, 1973), Alekhin (1972), Morgunova (1976), Mostovaya (1981), Polyakov et al. (1983), Aukema (2004) and according to the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science. Northern border of the species area in the European part reaches the southern borders of Latvia, Lithuania, Pskov, Kirov, Perm, and Sverdlovsk Regions according to the following sources: Teligul.skii (1933), Shernin (1974), Puchkov (1959, 1966, 1973). The area includes the Central Chernozem Region, Volga River Basin, the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and Ural. In Central Asia and Kazakhstan the pest occurs everywhere except for sandy deserts according to the following sources: Kirichenko (1949), Yakhontov (1953), Puchkov (1966), Blyummer (1982), Temirdzhanova (1968), Asanova (1962), Markov (1962), Kornienko (1973) and the Collection of the Zoological Institute RAS. In Siberia and the Far East the species is known in all steppe and forest-steppe zones, and also in steppe and meadow plots in the forest zone. In Siberia it is known from Omsk, Tomsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen., Chita and Kemerovo Regions, Krasnoyarsk, Altai Territory, Khakassia and Tuva Republic according to the following sources: Puchkov (1966), Mostovaya (1981), Kerzhner (1973). In the Far East the species is found in the Amur Region, Khabarovsk and Primorskii Territories according to the following sources: Puchkova (1966) and the Collection of the Zoological Institute RAS. Northern border of the zone of deciduous forest (Chikov, 1983) is reflected in the best way by literature and collection materials. The high mountains of the Caucasus and Central Asia (higher than 3000 m above sea level), as well as the sandy deserts of Northern Caspian Depression, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia, were excluded from the area. The zone of moderate damage includes the area of industrial cultivation of sugar beet (Tochenov, 1984), except for Lithuania, Latvia, Byelorussia, and also Ciscaucasia and Transcaucasia. The zone of low damage covers the territory of industrial cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses (Tochenov, 1984) outside of the zone of moderate damage.

Reference citations:

Alekhin V.A. 1972. Harmfulness of bugs on beet crops. Zashchita rastenii 7: 9. (In Russian)
Asanova R.B. 1962. True Hemiptera - Heteroptera of central Kazakhstan. In: Marikovskii P.I., ed. Materials on studying insects of Kazakhstan. Proc. of institute of zoology. V. 18. Alma-Ata: AN KazSSR. 117-130 p. (In Russian)
Aukema B. 2004. Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) cognatus (Fieber 1858). In: Aukema B., ed. Hemiptera. Fauna Europaea, version 1.1. Europe: http://www.faunaeur.org .
Blyummer A.G. 1988. Hemiptera in cotton agrobiocoenosis in Tashkent Region. In: Kadyrov M.K., ed. Arthropods in cotton agrobiocenosis and desert biocenoses in Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Fan. 24-28 p. (In Russian)
Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Dolzhenko V.I., ed. 2004. Methodical instructions on registration tests of insecticides, acaricides, molluscicides, and rodenticides in agriculture. St. Petersburg: VIZR. 363 p. (In Russian)
Kirichenko A.N. 1949. Hemiptera (Heteroptera). In: Pavlovskii E.N., Shtakelberg A.A., eds. Pest Animals of Middle Asia (handbook). Moscow-Leningrad: AN SSSR. 110-116 p. (In Russian)
Kornienko V.V. 1973. Bugs - pests of seed alfalfa. Zashchita rastenii 12: 18. (In Russian)
Koroljeva IE, Vilchevskaya EV, Ruhovich DI. 2003. Digital Arable Land Map. Laboratory of Soil Information of the Dokuchaev Soil Institute, Moscow, Russia [Based on: Yanvareva LF. (ed.), Martynjuk KN., Kisileva NM. 1989. Map of Land Use, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.].
Markov F.I. 1968. Bugs - pests of seed beet. Sakharnaya svekla 6: 32-33. (In Russian)
Morgunova M.A. 1976. Bugs - pests of beet cultures. In: Lakhidov A.I., ed. The system of estimation and forecast of development of pests and diseases of field crops in Central-Chernozem Region. Voronezh: Tsentral'no-Chernozemnoe Publishing House. 101 p. (In Russian)
Mostovaya R.N. 1981. Studying species structure of bugs, their population dynamics number and nocuity on seed sugar beet. In: Zubenko V.F., ed. Problems of increase of production efficiency of sugar beet in Altai Territory (Collection of works of Biisk experimental-selection station). Kiev: VNIISS. 114-119 p. (In Russian)
Polyakov I.YA., Kopaneva L.M., Dorokhova G.I. 1981. Description and number of pests and entomophages of industrial cultures in different agricultural zones of the USSR. In: Kopaneva L.M., ed. Key to harmful and useful insects and mites of industrial cultures in the USSR. Leningrad: Kolos. 5-26 p. (In Russian)
Polyakov I.Ya., Kopaneva L.M., Kandybina M.N. 1983. Number of pests and entomophages of annual and perennial grasses and leguminous cultures in different agricultural zones of the USSR. In: Kopaneva L.M., ed. Key to harmful and useful insects and mites of annual and perennial grasses and leguminous cultures in the USSR. Leningrad: Kolos. 6-39 p. (In Russian)
Puchkov V.G. 1959. Hemiptera (Heteroptera). In: Savchenko E.N., ed. Beet growing. V. 3(1). Kiev: Sel.khozgiz UkrSSR. 253-266 p. (In Russian)
Puchkov V.G. 1966. Main Miridae - agricultural pests. Kiev: Naukova dumka. 71 p. (In Russian)
Puchkov V.G. 1972. Hemiptera (Heteroptera). In: Kryzhanovskii O.L., Dantsig E.M., eds. Insects and mites - pests of agricultural plants. V. 1. Primitive insects. Leningrad: Nauka. 222-262 p. (In Russian)
Puchkov V.G. 1973. Miridae. In: Vasil.ev V.P., ed. Pests of agricultural crops and forest plantations. V. 1. Kiev: Urozhai. 324-337 p. (In Russian)
Shernin A.I. 1974. Heteroptera, Thysanoptera. In: Shernin A.I., ed. Fauna of the Kirov Region. V. 2. Kirov: Kirov GPI. 77-111 p. (In Russian)
Shmeleva V.A. 1940. Conditions Beet Caspid Bug reproduction. In: Anonymous, ed. Ecological conference on a problem "Mass reproduction of animals and its forecast". Abstracts of conf; November 15-20; 1940; Kiev: AN USSR. 102-103 p. (In Russian)
Teligul.skii V.M. 1933. Beet Caspid Bug and its control. Moscow: Sector of technical information Glavsakhar. 20 p. (In Russian)
Temirzhanova Sh.A. 1991. Harmfulnes of bugs on sugar beet seedlings. In: Shaiykov K.Sh., ed. Intensification of agriculture of Kirghizstan. Proceedings. V. 28. Bishkek: Kyrgyz Research-and-production association on agriculture. 148-156 p. (In Russian)
Yakhontov V.V. 1953. Pests of agricultural plants and products of Central Asia and their control. Tashkent: State Publishing House UzSSR. 663 p. (In Russian)

Right and copyright:

All rights reserved. Copyright 2005 © I.Ya. Grichanov, E.I. Ovsyannikova (VIZR; description, raster map); M.I. Saulich (VIZR, vector map)
Photo © V.V.Neymorovets (VIZR)
 

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